Vol. 29 Issue 3/4
El-Sadek A. , Radwan M. and Willems P.
A physico-chemical water quality model has been developed for the Rosetta Branch in the Nile Delta, making use of the MIKE11 river modeling software of DHI Water & Environment (DHI, 2002). The physico-chemical water quality (WQ) module of MIKE11 was linked with a detailed full hydrodynamic (HD) model developed for the same Rosetta Branch, and also implemented in the MIKE11 modeling system. The WQ model aims to describe and predict concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N), taking into consideration advection, dispersion and the most important biological, chemical and physical processes. All significant pollution sources along the Rosetta Branch were considered. The paper discusses scenario analyses carried out with the model. Scenarios of ammonia concentration reduction along the drains by 30%, 50% and 70% have been simulated, according to suggested treatment scenarios. Also the effect of an increase in the upstream inflow discharges at Delta Barrage during low flow conditions, have been analyzed. Based on these analyses, most efficient measures were suggested to improve the current status of the branch water quality.
Baby S.
The Arabian Gulf has seen a lot of coastal development along its shores since the discovery of oil and rise in oil based economy. Kuwait too, for the last five decades (from 1960s), has seen a tremendous alteration of the coastal morphological landscape (CML) from what existed 50 years ago. The study shows that the physiognomy of the coastal landscape created by geological, geomorphologic, biological factors and coastal process was greatly shaped by oil based development. This tremendous change in coastal edge from natural morphology to build up morphology was brought about due to coastal migration, construction, private and public establishments, landscaping, coastal fronts, man-made beaches, ports, marine facilities for petroleum industries, power stations, distillation plants, coastal defensive structures, beach houses, structures of hospitality, etc. Remarkably it is interesting to note that till 2011 certain zone of coast in Kuwait showed priority in encroaching and occupying more than any other parts. These coastal areas have reached to a saturation level thus tempting and forcing humans to invade the virgin coastal areas which were untouched earlier. These limited natural coastal resource areas in Kuwait hold high significance values. The Master Plan of Kuwait show promising coastal land use but it does not seem to protect significantly the valuable natural CML of Kuwait which is seen in this study. Historic Coastal Morphological Landscape Characterization & Assessment (HCMLC&A) represent a new way of historically characterizing the landscape and understanding the coastal evolution.
Tlili N., El-Guizani T., Nasri N. and Triki S.
Morphological parameter and biochemical proprieties of three Tunisian Opuntia ficus indica cultivars (Thorny, Gialla and Rossa) were investigated. Large variations were observed between the mean values of the different cactus cultivars. The source of this variation is probably the genetic without excluding the geographic effects. Gialla and Rossa seems more preferment especially for the consumers. Moreover, seeds of cactus are rich in oil, phytosterols and proteins. The data obtained in this study will be important as an indication of the potentially nutraceutical, economic and industrial utility of seeds of cactus fruit as a new source of oils and proteins.
Mabrouk H.A., Eman M. H. Labib and Zaki M.A.
Twelve experimental diets containing 35% crude protein and 434.29 Kcal gross energy 100g-1 were formulated to process three groups of diets according to protein source and level: group 1 (G1) consists of: 25% fish meal (FM) + 75% soybean meal (SBM); group 2 (G2): 50% FM + 50% SBM and group 3 (G3): 75% FM + 25% SBM. Each group included four treatments according to feed additive source and level: a) control diet (without garlic or onion: D1, D5, D9), b) supplemented with 4% garlic (D2, D6, D10), c) supplemented with 6% onion (D3, D7, D11) and d) supplemented with 10% mixture (4% garlic and 6% onion: D4, D8, D12) on dry matter basis as phyto additives in order to study its effects on growth performance, feed utilization and whole body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) mono-sex fingerlings. Fish were reared in thirty six glass aquaria for 84 days, triplicate per treatment. Ten fingerlings of tilapia were placed per each aquarium with an average initial weight of 3.12 ± 0.3 g/fish. Fish were fed twice daily (six days a week) at a daily feeding rate of 5 % of live body weight on dry matter basis until the end of the trial. The results illustrated that the best growth performance values (weight gain; average daily gain, ADG; specific growth rate, SGR%) and feed utilization (feed intake, FI; feed conversion ratio, FCR; protein productive value, PPV% and energy utilization, EU) were significantly (P<0.05) realized with fingerlings fed G2 diet followed by that fed G3 diet and then that fed G1 diet, respectively regardless of type and level of phyto additives. On the other hand, addition of 10% mixture of garlic and onion as phyto additives significantly (P<0.05), increased growth performance, feed and nutrient utilization rather than solitary addition of either garlic or onion, regardless of protein source and level which clearly showed with fingerlings fed D8 diet. Furthermore, no significant differences (P0.05<) were observed in feed and nutrient utilization between fingerlings fed additive mixture diet (Gg+o) and control diet (Gc) in spite of the lowest feed intake recorded for the later group (70.55 g/fish). Taking into account the diet number, which reflects the interacted effect of both protein source and level beside phyto additives source and level, it was found that fingerlings fed diet D8 realized the best growth performance followed by diet D12. On the other hand, fingerlings fed D5 and D8 realized the higher values for protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV %), energy utilization (EU %) and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, the results illustrated also that fingerlings fed onion supplemented diets recorded better growth performance response than those fed supplemented diets or control diets, and fingerlings fed onion and garlic mixture supplemented diets showed better growth performance and feed utilization than any of them in the same protein combination group. It could be concluded that diets consist of 50% FM + 50% SBM with 10% mixture of garlic and onion as phyto additives in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) mono-sex fingerlings diets, are considered ideal for optimal growth and feed utilization without any adverse effect on fish health.
Bin Jasass F.M.
This study was conducted to evaluate the shelf life of chicken meat after treatment with 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 1% lactic acid (LA), and 0.5% acetic acid (AA) solutions. Total count, psychrotrophic count, off-odor, and catalase activity were examined. Chicken carcasses were sprayed with TSP, LA, AA, for 10 seconds and stored at 4 ± 0.5°C for 15 days. Total count of chicken surface control reached 6.5 log CFU/g after 7 days while it reached 5.8, 5.5, and 6.2 log CFU/g in, 10% TS, 0.5% AA, and 1% LA after 13 days of storage, respectively. Total count and psychrotrophic count were significantly lower (P<0.05) for chicken samples treated with LA, AA and TSP than the control samples throughout the entire storage period. Sensory acceptability limit (off-odors) was reached for the control chicken samples on the day 7th, on day 13th for the samples treated with LA, and on day 15th for TSP, and AA treated samples. The number of the catalase positive colonies increased in the control from 78% to 93% within 7 day; also it increased from 70% to 90% in treated samples within 7 day. At the end of the storage period, the effectiveness of TSP and AA was higher than that of LA. The use of TSP, AA, and LA extended the shelf-life period 8, 8, and 6 days for chicken meats, respectively.
El-Sammak A.A., Mostafa H.M. and Al-Ghadban A.N.
The special distributions of meiofaunal and macrofaunal groups of Az-Zour area, south of Kuwait were investigated. Sediment samples were collected during July, 2004 at equilateral distances comprising eight parallel transects perpendicular to the shore. A total of 25 species of meiofauna were identified. Generally, nematodes, crustaceans and polychaetes dominated the samples with other groups forming only a minor part. 31 species of macrofauna groups were recorded. Annelida macrofauna dominated the samples with 14 species followed by Mollusca (11 species), followed by crustaceans (5 species) and Echinodermata was represented with one species and was considered very rare. The infaunal communities of the study area could be grouped into three main groups, the active borrowers, the scrapers and the filter feeders. The present investigation showed that high abundance and species diversity of the infaunal groups were recorded in the middle zone of the study area. This could be related to different sediment characteristics such as sediments grain size, total organic carbon, heavy metal and water temperature that could enable meiofaunal enrichment for the middle zone.
Abbas M., Smaili K. and Berkani D.
Topic identification is used in several applications, as adapting language models for speech recognition and machine translation, focusing on a specific use for search engines, etc. Topic identification consists to assign one or several topic labels to a flow of textual data. Labels are chosen from a set of topics fixed a priori. In this paper, we present a study about identifying topics of Arabic texts. For this, a considerable amount of data is needed. Thus, we started by collecting texts from the website of the Omani newspaper “Alwatan”. The result is an Arabic corpus composed of more than 9000 articles corresponding to nearly 10 millions words. The considered topics in our experiments are: Culture, Religion, Economy, Local news, International news and sports. Some of the methods presented in this study, are well known in the text categorization community, as TFIDF classifier and kNN “k Nearest Neighbors”. The objective to use these methods is to compare them to TR-classifier “TRiggers-based classifier”, a new method that we have proposed, which is based on computing triggers or the Average Mutual Information of each couple of words. In order to enhance performances, we have combined results of the three methods by using three approaches: Majority Vote, Enhanced Majority Vote and Linear Combination.
Alsultanny Y.
Computer ethics represented by computer ethics rules that must govern and regulate the relationship between all the groups benefiting from the computer and by maintaining the security and privacy of information through the three main parties; They are the beneficiaries, suppliers of telecommunications service providers and software suppliers. Party mediator between the three parties is the legislative and regulatory bodies. The last group must be established by all the countries, which include the experts in the field of information technology and communication as well as the legislator’s laws. The countries need regulatory institutions, that responsible for monitoring and follow-up the rule and laws that govern the computer ethics, to maintain the privacy of individuals and institutions, especially after the application of e-government in most countries of the world, and increased use of electronic commerce. Internet Information faces many breakthroughs in order to steal information or fraud to steal money. This is in addition to the need to protect youth and adolescents of the ideas and ethics that are offensive to communities and be an agent for demolition instead of being the progress factor of the society. It is therefore essential teaching of the ethics of computer use in schools and universities, organize workshops or forums relay everything novice in this area, and the opening of specialized programs at universities to provide the society for specialists in this area, has been addressed in this research the concept of globalization and the ethics of the profession of computer and their impact on different aspects of life, through the steady increase in Internet users and increase e-commerce applications. This has been addressed also to the more computer applications annoy for Internet users and to the kinds of breakthroughs that face individuals and institutions. So it was proposing a set of principles that must be followed, including the need to establish a foundation organized sector use of information systems and the Internet on the level of each country, in addition to creating a global institution with a membership of all countries in the world to follow up and regulate the use of information systems and the Internet, in line with the legislation of these countries with respect for each nation of laws and legislation of other countries in the organization of sector use of information systems.
Abdalla Alzaidi, Siddig E. Muneer and Alaa S. M. Gaballa
The efficiency of workers depends on their abilities, skills and motivation to utilize these abilities and skills in performing their duties. Thus, the level of workers' motivation is considered and important determinant of their efficiency. This study is intended to determine the Saudi Agricultural Extension Workers' level of motivation and its correlates. Data was collected through mail questionnaire from all (266) the Extension Workers and response rate was 69.5%. Percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze data using SPSS. The study results showed that 60.6%, 32.4% and 7.0% of the respondents have high, medium and low level of motivation respectively. Moreover the study revealed that the factors that have significant effect the Saudi Agricultural Extension workers are: relation with and appreciation by colleagues and supervisors, extent of benefit from training, relevancy of training to agricultural extension tasks, and the extension worker knowledge of the work rules and regulations. These four factors explained 58.8% of the total variation in the agricultural extension workers level of motivation. The study also indicated that the most important constraints hindering agricultural extension efficiency in Saudi Arabia are: farmers dependence on foreign laborers, unavailability of the farmers in their farms, lack of incentives to agricultural extension workers, low educational level of the farmers and lack of subject matter specialists.
Batal M.A. and Maarawy G.
Tissue surface temperature distribution on the treatment site can serve as an indicator for the effectiveness of a photothermal therapy. In this paper, thermal effects of laser irradiance on biological tissue is investigated using finite difference (Euler forward method) to solve bioheat transfer equation, to find the temperature spread in the each layer of tissue in terms of depth and also to know the temperature distributed within a specified time. Numerical solution gives 2D and 3D simulation for temperature distribution during diode laser irradiation of tissue. By consider A cylindrical sample of biological tissue (tumor) irradiated by diode laser of wavelength 808 nm and power 1 w. optimal absorption coefficient was also identified to increase the effectiveness of heat treatment, this is done by inject the biological tissue with absorbent material to light or Photo sensitizer(as cardiogreen), temperatures were compared in terms of depth of tissue in tow cases : natural tissue and tissue injected by Photo sensitizer. These results can be used to control the laser treatment parameters and to optimize the treatment outcome.