Vol. 3 Issue 1
A.M. Ageel
The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of acute and chronic cold stress on blood glucose, cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids in rats and their modification with chlorpromazine and diazepam. Acute cold stress was produced by exposure of animals to +- 0.5 degree celsius for 4 hours. The antianxiety drugs diazepam (2 mg/kg body weight) and chlorpromazine (2 mg/kg body weight) were administered I.P. 30 minutes before the exposure of the animals to cold stress. Immediately after the exposure, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. In chronic studies, the rats were exposed to cold stress (4+- 0.5 degree Celsius) for 1 hour daily for six days. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) were given daily 30 minutes before the exposure to cold. On the sixth day, the animals were sacrificed following the exposure and blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The results of this study showed that both diazepam and chlorpromazine tend to normalize the changes in the values of the parameters representing the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, diazepam was comparatively less effective as compared to chlorpromazine in this aspect.
N.A. Al·Asgah
The morphology and histology of the endocrine tissues in the head-kidneys of 14 Red Sea teleost fishes were examined. Melanophore-macrophage complexes were observed in the hematopoietic tissue. The distribution of the endocrine tissues varied from species to species. Both adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues existed as sheaths around the major veins or as diffuse masses of tissues permeated by minor sinusoidal branches of veins draining the head-kidney into the heart. The adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues laid either intermingled or in separate layers around the vessels. Little evidence was found of taxonomic-morphological correlation; each species has evolved independently in this context.
A.A. Barakat, P. Khan, M.A. Karim and M. Jahangir
The persistence of methidathion and its effect on the chemical composition of grapes was studied under field conditions during August 1982. Methidathion 40% EC was sprayed on grapes at 0.2% concentration. Samplings of grape fruits were done at 0 hr, 1, 3, 4, 7, 9 and 15 days after application. GLC method was used for residue analysis of grapes prior and after washing with water. The data indicated that the half life time of methidathion was less than one day. The residue in grapes after washing with water was still high and ranged from 47.9 to 92.1% of the total residue. The safe period for harvesting the grapes was found to be 15 days after spray. Methidathion application had positive effect on the total soluble solids (T. S. S.) and reducing sugars, while Ca, Mg, K, Na, and pH did not show any change due to methidathion application
Mohammad Saeed and Mahmoud H. Abdel-Aziz
To evaluate the modified Penman method of determining evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration was measured from an actively growing, 20 cm tall, full cover and well watered crop of alfalfa at the King Saud University Agricultural Experiment Station in Dirab, in 1981 and 1982. Since the modified Penman equation involves variations in the use of coefficients and methods for the calculation of vapor pressure deficit, estimated values of evapotranspiration (ET), with the equation, were determined separately for each method. The meteorological data were taken from an adjacent weather station.
The methods suggested by Walker and Wright were found to give close results to the ET from 20 cm tall alfalfa. Suitable wind coefficients are needed with the other methods to get reliable estimates of the ET. Using the actual data from ET, the wind function was derived in each case. WInd coefficients were then determined from the relationship of the wind function to the actual wind run. These coefficients can be used for obtaining more reliable estimates of ET in hot and arid regions in general and Saudi Arabia in particular
Fallak S. Sial and Muhammad Khalid
One-man ground-level operated radio-controlled date pollinator, mounted on a lightweight telescopic support, helps dust controlled amounts of pollen directly onto the female palm flowers. Increased fruit set and yield are obtained, with less time required, compared to hand pollination
M.A. Abouheif, M.S. Salah and A.A. Alsobayel
The experiment was conducted to compare and examine the use of medroxyprogesterone (progestagen) and prostaglandin F2alpha tromethamine salt (PGF2alpha) for synchronization of lambing in black Najdi ewes. Synchronization with either progestagen or PGF2alpha did not change fertility percentage significantly over the control ewes.
Ewes, on progestagen treatment, lambed in relatively wider period than those that received PGF2alpha treatment. In the treated groups, lambing was synchronized into two noticeable peaks but control ewes lambed uniformly throughout a thirty day period.
Elie K. Barbour, N. H. Nabbut, S. W. Hinners and H.M. Al-Nakhli
Necropsy specimens from chicken on three farms in the Central Province of Saudi Arabia were examined for the presence of coli septicaemia-causing organisms. Seventy eight strains were characterized biochemically and tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities to eight antimicrobial agents. Most strains exhibited characteristics typical of the Escherichia group with a few exceptions. Thus, 12.8% failed to produce indole; 1.3% utilized citrate and malonate, produced urease and failed to ferment arabinose, maltose and mannitol. Gentamycin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim were the most effective antimicrobials tested. Most the of E.Coli strains were resistant to two or more drugs in various combinations. The use of sulfachloropyridazine + trimethoprim for the treatment of coli septicaemia was shown to reduce mortality.
Galal Abdel Azim Ibrahim and Ahmed Riad Ibrahim
A set of 43 experiments are carried out on equal-sized samples of 200g weight from numulitic-limestones crushed and screened to obtain a uniform size. These samples were ground in a vertical stamp mill at variable energy levels (0.7 to 3.5 KwH/t).The average initial size of the samples varied as 0.565, 0.45, 0.358, 0.283, 0.225 and 0.18 cm, respectively.
The percentiles of the product in each experiment are calculated.
Mathematical analysis is used in the present work to obtain some relationships between the percentiles (dx) = (d20, d30, d40, ... and d90) and the initial size of the feed si rather than the energy consumed in the process of grinding E.
Recommended relationships can be used practically for regulating either the initial size feeding to the stamp mill or the energy required percentiles in the product.