Vol. 4 Issue 1
Saad S.M. Hassan
A new liquid membrane electrode based on an ion-association extraction system responding to ephedrine is described. It incorporates ephedrine-5- nitro barbiturate ion pair complex in octan-1-ol as a novel electroactive component. The electrode exhibits Nernstian response over the concentration range of 10^-2 to 10^-6 M ephedrine in solutions of pH 4-9. The response time varies from 20 to 90 seconds and interferences from many organix bases and some common inorganic cations are negligible. Determination of 0.1 to 2000 micrograms/ml ephedrine in both pure and pharmaceutical samples gives results with an average recovery of 99.2% and a mean standard deviation of 1.5%.
H. Khalifa, Hassan A. Soliman and E. Keheila
Twelve species of fossil algae recorded, here for the first time, from the Middle Eocene rocks of the area southeast of Minia, Nile Valley, Upper Egypt, are systematically studied. Five of these species belong to the red algae (Rhodophycophyta: families Corallinaceae and Solenoporaceae). Other six species belong to the green algae (Chlorophycophyta: families Codiaceac and Dasycladaceac) and one species of uncertain affinities.
The distribution of the microfossil content, namely larger foraminifera and algae, of the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) rock succession lead to the recognition of five biozones through this section, of which two zones are established on the basis of floods of algal species.
A.M. Abou Khadrah and M. Darwish
This work describes the occurrence of typical beach sediments. elevated at about 30 m above sea level in the Hammam Faroun area of the Gulf of Suez. These sediments are mainly gravel and sand with a thin Oyster bank and coralline bioclasts. The gravel mostly discoidal in shape .
The sedimentology of the sediments is studied and a lowering of the sea level during the Quaternary Period is demonstrated.
Saleh Mohamed Okla
The Tuwaiq Mountain Limestone is one of the five prominent rock units in the Upper Jurassic of central Saudi Arabia. It is 193 meters thick near the city of Riyadh. The Upper 90 meters of the formation is designated as the Upper Tuwaiq Mountain Limestone. It consists of light gray, hard, ledge forming biomicrite with abundant algae, corals and stromatoporoids. The most common fossil algae are the oncoidal forms of the blue-green alga genus Cayeuxia. The coral genera Amphiastraea and Microsolena are among the commonest remains of the frame-builders of possibly small reef-like structures. The Upper Tuwaiq Mountain Limestone was deposited in open marine environment of moderate depth. Surges of high turbulent water produced allochthonous facies particularly at the close of deposition.
M.M. Nasralla
This work presents the outcome of a research conducted during pilgrimage period of 1402 H (1982 AD) where 2 million persons gathered in Muna valley of the 4 km^2 area. Photochemical oxidants had been found to exceed the limit which can be taken as evidence of photochemical smog formation in the valley under appropriate weather condition that exist. High concentrations of carbon monoxide were detected in the atmosphere of the valley. For example, more than 50 ppm, average over 1 hr was recorded during morning peak time of pilgrims movement from Arafat to the valley due to high traffic density and the nocturnal stable condition. Moreover, the CO air quality standard of 9 ppm, average over 8 hrs was exceeded as an average over 24 hrs during pilgrims full occupancy of the valley. Control measures should be undertaken to avoid future air pollution episode. Conclusions and recommendations are included.
A.M. Ghandour, A. Al-Robai and M. El-Gohary
This ecological study on some aspects of schistosomiasis was conducted in the Mid-Western Region of Saudi Arabia during a six months' period (September 1984- February 1985). The snail intermediate-hosts of schistosomiasis that were collected were Biomphalaria arabica arabica (Melvill and Ponsonby 1996) Bulinus (Builinus) truncatus (Audouin 1827) and Bulinus (Bulinus) beccarii (Paladilhe 1872) the first being the most predominant. Snail habitats vary from perennial streams, intermittent streams, cisterns, dams and their reservoirs. The permanent perennial streams and dams' reservoirs support the greatest abundance of snails. Baboons, Papio hamadryas, were found naturally infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon 1907)
Abdallah M. Al-Rashed and Neyamat Zaheer
Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials are the polynomial solutions of the generalized Lame's differential equation. The problem of determining the relative location of the zeros of such polynomials and the complex constants occurring in the said differential equation has recently been studied by Al-Rashed and Zaheer (1985) under quite general conditions by introducing the concept of reflector regions. The present study solves the corresponding problem for yet another form of the generalized Lame's differential equation and offers much more general versions of some results due to Zaheer and Alam. Furthermore, when applied to the standard form of the generalized Lame's differential equation, our results in this paper deduce the corresponding results to Al-Rashed and Zaheer (1985), including some due to Mardan, Bocher, Klein, Polya, Stieltjes and Van Vleck as special cases
S.A. Al-Shihab and R. Al-Hasan
Diatoms isolated from the viscera of some shrimps and fish and from gill rakers of fish of different sizes are investigated. A linear correlation, but not statistically significant was established for the number of diatoms and the volume of viscerae contents of the fish. More species of diatoms were found in the viscera of shrimps and benthic fish than in those rom pelogic habitats.
A. El Mougith, J.L. Fonvieille, J-M. Touze-Soulet, R. Dargent and Ch. Montant
Cytochalasins are a group of fungal metabolites which inhibit a variety of cellular functions. Cytochalasin A (CA) is the most effective against fungi. After the screening for the effect of CA, Mucor mucedo was chosen to study the influence of this drug on hyphal differentiation and metabolism. The effect of CA on the lipid composition of growing hyphae was studied. The reduction of total mycelial lipids was 31.33% in two days and 24.14% in four days. The enhancement in phospholipid content was 3.14% and 31.14% in two and four days-old mycelium respectively, while the neutral lipids were reduced by the same values. CA induced some modification in the proportions of: fatty acids; neutral lipids (sterol; diacylglycerides; free fatty acids; triacylglycerides; sterols esters) and in the constituents of phospholipids [decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and increase of phosphatidylglycerol (PG)].
Ahmad Khatibi and Mahmoud M.A. Hassan
The capability of some bacterial and fungal strains for studying the metabolism of various analgesics and related compounds was investigated. It was found that phenacetin was metabolized to acetanilide by Aspergillus niger and to p-ethoxyaniline by Aspergillus flavus. Other compounds namely acetanilide, acetaminophen and acetazolamide, however were not affected under the same conditions