Vol. 7 Issue 2
Mohamed A. Al-Yahya, Aly M. El-Sayed, Mahmoud M.A. Hassan and Ibrahim El-Meshal
The aerial parts of Pulicaria crispa, grown wild in Saudi Arabia, were subjected to steam distillation. Analysis of the combined GC/MS spectra of the volatile oil revealed several terpenoids. β-caryophyllene and its oxide were tentatively characterized as the major constituents along with other sesquiterpenoids not previously reported in this plant. The activity of the oil on several microorganisms was also explored
N.H. Al-Saigh, F.A. Ghaib, and S.K. Abdul-Karim
A reconnaissance gravity and magnetic study has been carried out along the road between Erbil-Shaqlawa, NE Iraq in order to throw light on the subsurface geological structures, in particular the basement's configuration, since it has not been covered by any previous geophysical investigation.
This area represents the transition between the foothill zone and the high folded zone. It has found that the regional gravity and magnetic anomalies are increasing towards Shaqlawa, which suggests that the basement depth decreasing in this direction. Also, there is possibility of the presence of basement fault southwest of Salahaddin Summer Resort. The local gravity anomalies have been interpreted due to subsurface structures within the sedimentary succession.
Abdulghaffar Said Bazuhair and Abobader Alkaff
In an area, such as the Wadi Al-Yamaniyah, neighbouring the Holy City of Makkah and also in the recreational city of the Kingdom, Taiff, the study of the ground water is important. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the quality of Wadi Al-Yamaniyah ground water over a two year period ground water was analysed on two different occasions.
The water analyses of thirty six samples in 1987 show that the salinity is low. Statistical and classical methods for interpretation of the water quality data of the years 1981 and 1987, however, indicate that the quality changed significantly. The waters have became low in ion content and have improved for domestic and agriculture utilities. On the other hand, during 1987 compared to 1981 the average water table drop was seven meters. The conclusion is that the aquifer has been cleaned of salts which were present before the year 1972, as after that year the discharge from the wells began. It is concluded that the water from Al-Yamaniyah aquifer is expected to be of good quality and becomes important for use in the cities of Makkah and Taif
Salman Dawod Mehdi, Sultan Abdul-Rassak Sultan, Abdul karim Flaih Hassan
The present work was to determine the residual stresses developed on the surface of welded plate in saline water using X-ray diffraction method.
Weld beads were deposited on carbon manganese steel under a 200 mm depth of both fresh and saline water using coated rutile electrodes type E 7012. Open air welds were also deposited for the purpose of comparison.
The residual stress levels were measured and compared for welds made under fresh and saline water with those obtained for normal open air welds made under the same set of welding parameters.
It was found that the maximum sum of the surface stresses in fresh and saline water welds were about 81% and 77% of the maximum sum of surface stresses that developed in the open air welds, respectively.
Adel E.M. Nasser
Carbon monoxide is one of the harmful gases which generated in combustion. One of the ways to avoid the generation of carbon monoxide is to use a surface which is catalysis to CO and O to form CO2.
In order to deal with this method of suppressing CO details about the properties of different percentages of carbon monoxide, oxygen and argon mixtures at high temperatures should be known.
The present paper gives some useful data for carbon monoxide, oxygen and argon mixtures at temperatures ranging between 4000 °K up to 10000 °K. The presented data are in the form of tables and curves.
Unab G. Bokhari, Mohammed O. Ghandorah, Hassan I. Sayed, Faisal Alyaeesh and Mahmoud Al- Noori
Five promising wheat strains (Triticum aestivum) were subjected to different water stress conditions to evaluate their drought tolerance mechanisms. A number of physiological parameters, namely transpiration, diffusive resistance, water potential and temperature differential were measured to determine if these could be used as indices of drought tolerance. Results showed correlations between the above parameters and the water stress levels as well as with the wheat strains. Rate of transpiration and diffusive resistance showed positive relationship with water regimes.
Loutfy Boulos
A general survey on the desert plants of Egypt is carried out based on available literature and field observations by the author. The following groups of plants are subject to this study, with an annotated list of species belonging to each group including their main uses and sources of information; edible plants, forage plants, medicinal plants, fibre plants, firewood trees and shrubs suitable for desert environmental conditions of Egypt, plants containing substantial percentages of oils, resins, waxes and tanning materials, sand stabilizers, plants with conspicuous foliage or flowers with potential as ornamentals.
Fawzi M. Karim and Ahmed Al-Oqlah
Pollen morphology of 12 species of the genus Silene belonging to 8 sections were investigated by using Light Microscope SEM and TEM. Three groups of exine type of the pollen grains were shown, punctate, punctate-undulate and semi-reticulate. TEM micrographs show the operculate, non-annulate pore are made of the same layers of exine i.e. tectum, columellae and foot layer. This emphasizes the retention o the Caryophyllaceae in the Centrospermae.
H.M. Hassan and M.M. Al-Farraj
The genus Acacia constitutes an important component of Thorn Woodlands in Saudi Arabia. Some comments on its distribution are made; the seeds are described for 14 species and two subspecies, and a key is developed for their discrimination.
The study has covered twelve Acacia species and two subspecies distributed in Saudi Arabia. As far as the general distribution, the study has reveled the need for detailed investigations on the biological aspects of this genus and its geographical and ecological distribution. The study mentions some good examples of such approaches and concludes that such analysis will be more fruitful if carried out within small areas.
The study has concentrated on the description of the seeds for the various species and the two subspecies of Acacia. Important differences have been disclosed and can be observed by use of simple magnifying glasses. About twelve characters have been recorded, viz., seed-size, areole features, presence or absence of a white spot near the funicle, or its scar, base, surface texture, etc. The importance of this can be seen in the fact that seeds could be collected from under their mother trees while the trees are not in flower. The study has provided a simple key based on seed characters for species and subspecies determination of Acacia occurring in Saudi Arabia. This confirms the taxonomic and descriptive value of Acacia seeds.
Ibrahim A. Arif
The distribution of algae along the length of Tanoumah Hot Spring located north of Buraydah, Al-Qaseem is described. The orifice of the spring has a temperature of 60°C. The spring is neutral with high sodium, calcium and chloride content. A decreasing temperature gradient of 60-27°C extends from the orifice to the end of the spring where a shallow pool used for irrigation is formed. The total number of species of identified algae was 71 (37 Cyanophyta, 24 Chlorophyta, 10 Bacillariophyta). Some are new records for Saudi Arabia. Algal growth first appeared at a temperature of 56°C. The blue-green alga that dominated between 56-45°C was Synechococcus lividus. Below 45°C to the end of the spring blue-green algal mats mainly of Oscillatoria boryana and Oscillatoria geminata were dominant. Green algae and diatoms were observed, particularly at the spring periphery, where the temperature fell gradually to 25°C.