Vol. 10 Issue 3
Marouf A. Samhan and Fawzi A. AI-Thukair
The aim of this paper is to give a systematic study of fuzzy sub algebras of a universal algebra. We introduce the notions of fuzzy subalgebra generated by a fuzzy set. and fuzzy congruences on an algebra. We also introduce a fuzzy congruence class and fuzzy quotient algebra and prove that fuzzy quotient algebras are isomorphic to a certain ordinary quotient algebra in a natural way
Mazhar, H.S. and Ali, S.A.
In a previous study (Ali and Mazhar 1991) the kinetics of the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of cyclohexane was studied on Ni-Al2O3/α-Al2O3 catalyst in flow system under normal pressure. Owing to the different products obtained and to the increase in the mass of the catalyst the polymolecular mechanism was suggested, and the catalytic activity was found to improve on supporting the impregnated nickel alumina on α- alumina. Among the obtained products was cyclohexene, it seemed of interest to study the kinetics of the heterogeneous conversion of cyclohexene on the same catalyst, under the same experimental conditions.
The study revealed that the conversion of cyclohexene is a zero-order reaction and that the apparent activation energy for the reaction has a value of 18.4 kcal mol·1. The effects of pretreatment conditions and of the nature of the catalyst on the conversion were studied.
The polymolecular mechanism was suggested for the conversion of cyc10hexene over Ni-NA catalyst under our experimental conditions
M.M. Soliman , S.A. Azzaz, M.M. Aly and A.N. Habeab
Two groups of granitic rocks are exposed in the Wadi El-Rahaba area: the older of which is chemically metaluminous, depleted in Nb and subduction related, whereas the younger is metaluminous to peraluminous, enriched in Nb and intraplate, an orogenic granite formed through partial melting of lower crustal materials.
H.A. Ibrahim
Interpretation of three Bouguer gravity and total intensity magnetic profiles from the Nile Delta region suggests a northward increase in basement depth (2-Skm). A prominent basement uplift is found to the south, which is considered a part of the major basement high that includes Khatatba-Abu Roash. In addition, a significant deepening of the basement is found to the north. This is considered a part of the major subsidence including the Mediterranean. The abnormal thickness of the sedimentary section of various sedimentary facies, and the occurrence of a deep causative intrabasement body (> 23 km) are considered the main causes for the major negative gravity anomaly and the relatively low magnetic intensity in the Nile Delta region. Ignoring density changes with depth in delta, and ignoring the possible presence of fluids within the productive horizons that give abrupt change in densities are considered the main causes responsible for the failure of the Agarwal method for determining the expected basement depths using gravity data.
Galal Abd El-Azim Ibrahim, Shawki Abd El-Wahab Mabrouk, Elsayed Mohamed Abd El-Rasoul and Mohamed Husain Abu Ali
Aiming to increase P2O5%, to decrease Fe2O3, MgO, and to remove the impurities such as pyrite, sulphates, carbonates. organic mailer and clay material from Abu-Tartur phosphate ores, a series of calcination and notation experiments for the deslimed ground and subjected to attrition ore was made. Two variants were tried to treat the ore.
1. The first variant: The ore was treated by crushing and screening to be divided into three parts:
a) Part one contains the large fraction (+2mm) and was neglected.
b) Part two contains the medium fraction (-2 + 0.2 mm) and was wet subjected to allrition. deslimed by hydrocyclone to eliminate sizes -0.08 mm , and then was calcined at 900°C for 30 min, before quenching.
c) Part three contains the fine fraction (-0.2 mm) and was deslimed by the hydrocyclone (to eliminate size -0.08 mm) calcined and quenched under the same previous conditions.
2. The second variant: The same steps such as variant 1 were applied with respect to parts a & b the only difference is that part c in this variant was treated by notation instead of calcination. The concentrate obtained from the first variant represented 58.96% of the ore. in which P2O5 =32.41 % and MgO= 0.94%, while the concentrate of variant 2 represented 58.64% of the ore, and contains 32.32% P2O5 and 0.42% MgO. The rate of water consumption per ton treated ore was calculated for the two variants. It was found to be 1.2, and 1.0 cubic meters respectively.
The two size fractions +2 & -0.08 mm represented 8.06% & 10.33% of the ore by weight respectively and are relatively low grade with respect to P2O5 (20% ) & high MgO content (2.8%) and are considered as tail to be rejected.
A.A. Alsobayel and N.A. Alkhateeb
A total of 416 Saudi Arabian Baladi hens were divided into four experimental groups and subjected to the following treatments: Commercial laying ration (17% CP, 3.6% Ca and 0.343 available P) fed ad libitum as a control (C); Conventional force molting, feed removal for 10 days followed by 18 days full feed of cracked corn (F); 15 days ad libitum intake of the control ration supplemented with 0.35% Al as the sulfate (AIS) or chloride (AIC).
During the force resting period. egg production of F and Al fed groups was significantly (P < .05) lower than that of the control. F ceased production 10 days following feed withdrawal. whereas AIS and AIC were producing at 10.62% and 14 .42 % at the end of the force resting period AIS. AIS and (C) by the end of the force resting period. AIS, AI and F had significantly (P < .05) lower weights than the control (C) by the end of the treatment and lost 13 .04, 10.27 and 20.04% of their initial weight, respectively. Al fed groups consumed significantly (p < .05) less feed compared with the control and their feed intake was about 62% of that of the control.
Unab G. Bokhari and Rida Abuzuhira
Redpalm Weevil , Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is an insect which has caused infestation of date palm trees in the eastern region of the Kingdom. The insects bore into the tree trunk and feed on the soft tissues resulting in die-back of leaves. Symptoms become visible when brownish fluid begin to ooze out of the tree trunk and by that time it is too late to save the trees.
This study was undertaken to evaluate some of the physiological parameters as indices of infested trees at an early stage of attack by the insect. Results indicate that in infested trees the rate of transpiration was higher while the diffusive resistance was lower as compared to healthy trees. Similarly, the water potential in infested trees was lower than the healthy trees. Rate of transpiration or diffusive resistance or water potential either alone or in combination could be used as indices of infested trees.
Fawzi M. Karim
Recent extensive floristic collections from U.A.E., especially in the desert region including Al-Ain district, which constitutes the main part of the eastern desert if United Arab Emirates, revealed the presence of 8 new taxa of the Flora of U.A.E. There are:
Digera muricata (Amaranthaceae), Anvillea garcinii, Conyza bonariensis, Inula crithmoides, Koelpinia linearis, Pulicaria crispa, (Compositae), Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae), Astragalus tribuloides (Papilionaceae).
H.A. Bokhary and S. Parvez
Soils from the rhizosphere of cultivated plants (Alfalfa, Date=palm and Grape) and wild plants (Cucumis sp. and Zizyphus spina christi) were screened for starch degrading fungi. A total number of 84 fungal species were isolated as starch-degrader. The predominant genera were Aspergillus (24 species), Penicillium (14 species), Fusarium (13 species), Chaetomium (10 species), Mucor (5 species), Scytalidium (4 species). The production of amylase by isolated fungi was confirmed by cleared-zone techniques.
A.Q. Siddiqui, A.R. Al-Najada and H.M. Al-Hinty
The African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), introduced in Saudi Arabia in 1987 was grown to maturity in outdoor concrete tanks, and induced to spawn.
African catfish (C. gariepinus) larvae were reared for four weeks on a combination of dry feed (crude protein, 51%) and live food comprising of freshly hatched Artemia salina nauplii and cultured cladocerans. Excellent growth was recorded when the larvae were fed Artemia nauplii for one week and dry feed for the following three weeks. The final average weight was 1468 mg with a survival rate of 44%. With other combinations (dry feed only; Artemia nauplii only; Artemia and cladocerans) the final average weight ranged from 355 mg to 1390 mg to 1390 mg and the survival rate varied between 41% to 75%.
Similarly the combination of Artemia nauplii and a prepared dry diet also gave good results (final av. wt. 1530 mg in five weeks; survival 68%).
Neither Artemia nauplii nor the dry feed alone proved to be suitable diets for larval rearing.
Fingerlings weighing about 0.75 g and reared at three densities reached to average weights of 12.6 g (200 fish/m3), 11.7 g (400 fish/m3) and 11.0 g (600 fish/m3) in 35 days, and there was no significant effect of density on growth, survival and feed conversion of C. gariepinus.