Vol. 14 Issue 1
Ahmad Sharary
A graph G is an integral sum graph if there is a labelling θ of its vertices with distinct integers, so that for any two distinct vertices u and v, uv is an edge of G if and only if θ(u) + θ(v) = θ(w) for some vertex w. G is a sum graph if the labels are positive integers. For each graph G there is a minimum number σ(G) such that G ∪ σ (G) K| is a sum graph, and there is a minimum number ζ (G) such that G ∪ ζ (G)K| is an integral sum graph. In this paper, we prove a conjecture of Harary that ζ(Kn) = σ (Kn) for all Kn with n ≥ 4. Also, we show that cycles Cn and wheels Wn are integral sum graphs or all n ≠ 4
A.A. Al-Suhybani
The sorption of yttrium(III) by some natural clays, synthetic exchangers and metal oxides has been investigated. The extent of sorption was found to depend on time of contact, pH, concentration of the sorbed ion, solution temperature, shaking velocity and the solvent. Some cations were added to compete with Y3+ but an effect was only observed for trivalent ions at relatively high concentrations. Acid treatment of the clays was found to have no or little effect on sorption, while heat treatment decreases the extent of sorption. The results were found to follow Freundlich isotherm
Hamed A. El-Nakhal
In Yemen, the surface exposed Mesozoic Erathem is represented by the Jurassic and Cretaceous systems. The Jurassic includes the Affar Formation (Early Jurassic) and the Surdud Group (Middle-Late Jurassic). The Affar is the upper formation of the Kohlan Group (Permian-Early Jurassic) and consists of sandstone. The Surdud Group is subdivided into the Amran (limestone), Madbi (marl), Sabatayn (evaporites), and Nayfa (limestone) formations. The Cretaceous System includes the Ghiras Member and Ghiras/Mahra Groups/
The Ghiras Member is the lower unit of the Tawilah Formation (Cretaceous-Paleocene). It occurs in the northern provinces of Yemen, and it consists of sandstone. The Ghiras/Mahra Groups are well developed in the western and eastern regions of the southern provinces, respectively, and they are laterally equivalent. The Ghiras Group consists of elastics. It includes the Qishn (limestone, Harshiyat (sandstone), and Mukalla (sandstone and shale) formations. The Mahra Group was divided into the Qishn (limestone), Harshiyat (sandstone), Fartaq (limestone and marl), Mukalla (sandstone), and Sharwayn (marl and limestone) formations
Ahmed S. Kassab and Mostafa M. Ismael
The Upper Cretaceous Sequence exposed in the Southwest of Sinai at Gebel Musabaa Salama is divisible into four rock units. They are, from base to top, the Raha, Abu Qada, Wata, and Matulla Formations. Based on macrofossil occurrences, four molluscan biozones have been established which facilitate the inter-regional correlation of the sequence studied. They are: the Ilymatogyra africana- Exogra olisiponensis range zone of late Cenomanian age, the Early Turonian Vascoceras proprium interval zone and Choffaticeras range zone, and Santonian Pycnodonte proboscideum range zone. Several minor breaks in sedimentation of the studied sequence, probably diastems, have been recognized. The Lower Turonian succession is bounded by two conformity surfaces separating it from the overlying Santonian and underlying Cenomanian successions. It is concluded that Upper Turonian and Coniacian Sequences are missing.
Pavol Navrat and Viera Rozinajova
The paper gives a short overview of the area of knowledge based programming. Research direction toward an intelligent support to software development is identified as an important aim. The paper concentrates on an original work in the area of knowledge based programming. The work reported in the paper relates to a tool to assist trainee programmers. A knowledge base on programming was built for a special area of programming expertise related to selecting a data type in the process of program formation. Properties of the knowledge base are discussed and its representation is devised. Description of one experiment is given in detail, showing user-system interaction. In the experiment, which relates to processing of data under a specific strategy, the user describes the relevant properties of the problem (such as whether the data elements will be processed more than once, whether their number can be determined in advance) and the system tries to infer what data type(s) would be appropriate to represent data with such properties. This can be regarded as an advisor to the user. The results show that the system is able to offer qualified advice. This is also an important consideration in the process of learning programming
Al-Bachir, M.
Two table grape varieties (Helwani and Baladi) from three vineyards in southern Syria were studied. Fruits were stored in cooled rooms with or without sulphur dioxide (SO2) and storage losses were evaluated. The results of these experiments showed that storability of fruits were negatively correlated with water supply (rainfall plus irrigation), and altitude. Storability of Helwani was better than that and Baladi respectively. Total loss reduced in SO2 treatment during all different storage stages. Percentages of total loss were 42.9 and 57.4 for SO2 treated and non-treated fruits, respectively.
Y. A. Abu Nada and I.K. Nazer
The response of a susceptible strain of the adult house fly Musca domestica L. to eight insecticides was determined. Two organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, fenthion and propetamphos, five pyrethroid (PY) insecticides: cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin (cis: trans, 25:75), permethrin (cis:trans, 40:60), and d- tetramethrin, and one carbamate (C) insecticide, propoxur, were under investigation. The field house fly population was slightly tolerant to propetamphos followed by fenthion of the OP insecticides, with Resistance Factors (RFs) of 3.55x and 7.61x, respectively. For pyrethroid insecticides, the fly showed various degrees of tolerance to cypermethrin, permethrin 25:75 and permethrin 40:60, with RFs of 4.19x, 6.14x and 8.18x, respectively. On the other hand, the house fly was slightly resistant to cyfluthrin and d-tetramethrin with RFs of 10.84xand 28.12x, respectively. For the carbamate insecticide propoxur, the RF was 15.24 indicating that the house fly population was slightly resistant and rather homogenous in its response to this insecticide. The population of the house fly was found to have various degrees of homogeneity with tolerance or resistance to the tested insecticides. The field population is still least tolerant to propetamphos and cypermethrin. However, all insecticides with RFs less than 10 can still be used for the control of the house fly.
A.R. Al-Harbi, A.M. Al-Omran, M.I. Choudhary, H. Wahdan and M. Mursi
The effect of five levels (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% on dry matter basis) of gel-forming conditioner (Broad leaf P4) on seed germination and growth of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. cv. Dina, was investigated. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse with day and night temperature of 25° and 18°C. The gel forming conditioner was added to the top 10 cm of the potts. Increasing gel conditioner rate in the growth media resulted in rapid germination. The addition of gel conditioner increased the early growth of the seedlings. Control plants had significantly lower lead number than the treated plants but significantly higher average leaf area. At the end of the experiment, 75 days after sowing, no significant treatment effects were observed on plant height, or on shoot fresh and dry matter weights. Relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE) and total yield are significantly increased with the addition of gel conditioner.
Fatima M. Al-Ansari
An accelerated ageing technique was used to determine viability and vigour in fresh (seeds stored at 4°C before used as a control) and aged marrow and wheat seeds. Germination percentage, germination speed, seedling length and seedling fresh weight were decreased in aged seeds. Moreover, the time to reach 50% final germination, percentage fall in growth and percentage and type of abnormal seedlings increased in aged seeds.
A.H. Bahkali and M.A. Moslem
Five cultivars of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were screened for seed-borne mycoflora. Alternaria and Aspergillus were the predominant genera represented by five species each. Other genera isolated were Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Mucor, Penicillium, Pleospora, Rhizopus, Setosphaeria, Stemphylium, Syncephalastrum, Trichoderma, and Ulocladium. Alternaria alternata followed by Aspergillus niger and A. flavus exhibited the highest percent of occurrence.