Vol. 1 Issue 1
A. M. EI-Naggar, F. S. M. Ahmed, A. M. Abd El-Salam and M. A. EI-Gazzar
3-Nitro-9-(N-phthalyl-and N-tosylaminoacyl) carbazoles (II-XI) have been synthesized by the action of 3-nitro-9H-carbazole (I) on N-phthalylor N-tosylamino acid in THF-Et)N medium using OCC.method. Treatment of the 3-nitro derivatives (II-XI) with Sn/HCI gave the corresponding 3-amino-9(N-phthalyl-or N-tosylaminoacyl) carbazoles (XII-XlX). Hydrazinolysis of the N-phthalyl-carbazole derivatives (In-VII) in ethanol gave the corresponding 3nitro-9-(aminoacyl) carbazoles (XX-XXIlI). Compounds (II-XI and XXI, XXII) were found to be active against some microorganisms.
A.N. Basahe), A. Bahafzalla, H.H. Mansour And S. Omara
The depositional environments of the Haddat Ash Sham and Usfan Fonnations, exposed at Haddat Ash Sham area NE of Jeddah have been identified on the basis of the vertical variation in primary sedimentary structures.
The base of the Haddat Ash Sham Fonnation (Kheslef Member) is characterized by bioturbation, Cross-bedding of Planar, herringbone and longitudinal types, ripple marks, cross-lamination and rare mud-cracks, which might reflect deposition on shallow intertidal-subtidal subenvironment with numerous channels and sand bars. On the other hand, the top of the same fonnation (Bonna Member) shows planar and' channel cross-bedding, graded bedding, scour and fill structures, Also within this member few horizons with poor bioturbation and cross-lamination are also encountered. These features might indicate alluvial fan (water laid and debris flow sediments) depositional environment under arid and semi-arid climates.
The Usfan Fonnation exhibits moderate to poor bioturbation, ripple marks, cross-lamination, lenticular and flaser-bedding, planar cross-bedding, and rare trough-cross-bedding, mud-cracks and rain drop prints. Consequently, the lower and upper members of the fonnation were probably deposited on shallow intertidal-subtidal zones. The middle member, however, was probably accumulated as a pelecypod bank. in shallow water, under moderate to high agitation, with good current circulation.
G. Higman and Q. Mushtaq
A diagramatic argument, called coset diagrams for the modular group PSL(2,Z), is used to prove the results stated in this paper.
Let G denote the subgroup of the modular group PSL(2,Z), generated by the linear-fractional transformations x and y where x and y are respectively defined as z-+ -li z and z-+ (z -1)/ z.
A diagram with n vertices depicts a (transitive) permutation representation of the modular group: fixed points of x and y are defined by heavy dots, and 3-cycles of y by triangles whose vertices are permuted anti-clockwise by y; and any two vertices which are interchanged by x are joined by an edge.
In this paper we have shown that the coset diagram for the action of G on the rational projective line is connected, and transitive. Using these coset diagrams we have shown that the group PSL(2,Z) is generated by the Iinear2 fractional transformations x and y and that x= i = I are defming relations for PSL(2,Z).
A.R. Hassan
The four-photon interband electronic transitions have been theoretically investigated in semiconductors. Expressions for the absorption of four-photons are calculated using fourth-order perturbation theory through four different band models. The results show that the five-band model gives the dominant contribution to the absorption coefficient. A numerical application for the case of ZnS is in agreement with the available experimental results.
Bayoumi M. Bayoumi and Mohammed S. AI-Khalifa
A qualitative faunal analysis of soil mites and Collembola, coJlected from several biotopes at Al-Qa$im province, was carried out.
Among the identified specimens, eleven species of soil mites and two collembolan ones are reported for the first time to exist in Saudi Arabia . A systematic list is submitted, which contains zoogeographical and distributional data for the species included .
Mites are more abundant than Collembola both in number of species and collected specimens. Cryptostigmatid mites are by far the major faunal elements in all examined samples .
N.T. Taib and B. Jarrar
The distribution of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins including enzymes in the alimentary canal of Chalcides levitani are described. Both neutral and acidic mucosubstances are identified in the epithelial cells. Neutral mucosubstances are most evident in the stomach and acid mucosubstances are more abundant in the intestine. Sulfomucins as well as sialomucins show different patterns of distribution. The present investigation shows that the principal digestive enzymes: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, non·speciflc ester. ases, arninopeptidases, endopeptidases, trypsin-like enzyme, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase are revealed histochemically. Lipases and alphaglucosidase do not appear to be produced anywhere in the alimentary tract epithelium.
A.A. AI·Saleh and M.A. Khan
Eggs of the spiny-tailed lizard Uromastix microlepis were laid in one sequence and the number varied from 8 to 16 eggs with an average size of 5 cm in length and 3.3cm in greatest diameter. Eggs, when laid, contained well developed embryos all of which appeared to be at the same stage of development. Embryos at this stage bore close resemblance to stage 29 of Calotes versicolor embryo.
Amin A. EI-Banna
The effect of Indomethacin (Jd) and prostaglandin F20c (PGF2oc ) alone or in combination on plasma estradiol-I7B and progesterone levels during days 5-9 of pregnancy in the rabbit was determined. Id treatment prevented the rise in plasma progesterone which was observed to occur in the non-treated animals after day 7. Treatment with PGF20c alone or together with Id resulted in a significant drop in plasma progesterone with subsequent disruption of the progesterone to estradiol ratio. Furthermore. there was only a limited success in reversing the antifertility effect of Id by PGF20c supplementation. The results of this experiment suggest that the antifertility effect of Id is at least partially related to its disruptive action on progesterone levels.
I.S. Eissa
Brevicoryne brassicae and Aphis gossypii were recorded to be the two most important insect pests of vegetables grown in Qatar. The present studies revealed that out of cabbage, radish and garden rocket, the first one proved to be the most preferred host for Brevicoryne brassicae (L) followed by garden rocket. Radish. however, did not prove conductive to the development of this pest. On the other hand. Aphis gossypii was found to develop equally on squash and cucumber. Snake cucumber, however, proved to be the least preferred host out of the three.
Abdullah H.A. AI-Mousawi and Brian A. Whitton
A study is reported of the algae in one sample of rice field soil from the Iraqi marshes. 43 taxa were revealed by enrichment culture techniques as opposed to II by direct microscopy. Microcoleus cluhonoplas/es and Nos/oc muscorum were the dominants in the field, but the latter was more successful in laboratory culture (which was carried out only under fully aerobic conditions). The effects of temperature, nitrogen source, phosphate and NaCI were tested. Substantial growth occurred al 45°C, but all algae cultured at 48°C eventually died. Species which were heterocystous and therefore presumed nitrogen-fixers were an important component of the algae crop in the field and dominated laboratory cultures lacking combined nitrogen. 6 taxa showed good growth in medium enriched with 0.5 M NaCl; 3 taxa grew in I M NaCl, but growth was very slow. It is suggested that field research on these algae might indicate ways of modifying cultivation practices to increase the nitrogen status of the soil without the need for introducing nitrogenous fertilizers to this region.